Raman Spectroscopy

Used with increasing frequency for analysis of liquids and solids Raman spectroscopy is both very sensitive as well and virtually  nondestructive technique. Some of the common uses are: 
Art and Museums,  Biology,  Carbon,  Catalysis, Corrosion, Energy, Environment, Food and Beverages, Forensics, Geology, Polymers,  Pharmaceuticals, Semiconductor

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LIBS

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy is a valuable resource for materials analysis.  The technique requires virtually no sample preparation, and is essentially  nondestructive with the affected area the size of the laser spot
Applications include:Forenics, Elemental Soil Analysis, Metal Analysis, Ceramics, Nuclear Materials, Coal, Liguids . 

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For Fun